While this works, it is not very convenient even for such a small repository. If we can do branching without having branches, what do these branches add? So far, we have referenced every commit by its SHA. In fact, to get to this point, we did not create a new branch. Notice how there are absolutely no branches in this picture. The latest commit, ec9c76d3 merges these two branches, so that now the changes made in 00e9f1c4 and 3bf75bf3 are both applied.Īnd this is essentially what branching is. This is where the branching has happened, there are now two distinct histories from this point on. There are now two commits with 5b5f50ad as parent. The trees and blobs are no longer shown to make the graph simpler.Īgain, the top commit is the latest. The merge commit also has a tree that contains the state of the repository after the merge, including the resolution of the merge conflicts. So now we have created three new commits, two simple changes and one merge commit. $ git commit -a -no-edit Merge commit '3bf75bf' Let’s see what happens when we try to add a new file to the repository we created in part one:ĬONFLICT (content ): Merge conflict in READMEĪutomatic merge failed fix conflicts and then commit the result All this history should take up a lot of space, right?Ĭontent based addressing helps a lot with this. If we have thousands of commits, that means we have thousands of snapshots of the repository. The commit is essentially a snapshot of the repository. Think about how commits contain a reference to a tree and this tree contains the full directory structure for the repository at the moment of the commit. This matters for two reasons: repository size and performance. This goes for all types of object: blobs, trees, commits, and tags. The contents (the thing you see when you use git cat-file -p) of the object are the only factor that determines the hash. So how is this hash determined? Git uses a technique that is called content based addressing. Let’s find out how these hashes are determined, and why it matters. We also learned that objects are referenced by a hash, but we have not learned a lot about these hashes. A commit references a tree and a tree references other trees and blobs. We learned that a commit it is a type of object, as are blobs, trees and tags. # Default: false submodules: ' ' # Add repository path as safe.directory for Git global config by running `git # config -global -add safe.directory ` # Default: true set-safe-directory: ' ' # The base URL for the GitHub instance that you are trying to clone from, will use # environment defaults to fetch from the same instance that the workflow is # running from unless specified.In part one of this series, we looked at the object database. # When the `ssh-key` input is not provided, SSH URLs beginning with # are converted to HTTPS. # Default: 1 fetch-depth: ' ' # Whether to download Git-LFS files # Default: false lfs: ' ' # Whether to checkout submodules: `true` to checkout submodules or `recursive` to # recursively checkout submodules. 0 indicates all history for all branches and tags. # Default: true ssh-strict: ' ' # Whether to configure the token or SSH key with the local git config # Default: true persist-credentials: ' ' # Relative path under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE to place the repository path: ' ' # Whether to execute `git clean -ffdx & git reset -hard HEAD` before fetching # Default: true clean: ' ' # Number of commits to fetch. Use # the input `ssh-known-hosts` to configure additional hosts. When true, adds the options # `StrictHostKe圜hecking=yes` and `CheckHostIP=no` to the SSH command line. ssh-known-hosts: ' ' # Whether to perform strict host key checking. The public key for is always implicitly # added. The public SSH # keys for a host may be obtained using the utility `ssh-keyscan`. # () ssh-key: ' ' # Known hosts in addition to the user and global host key database. # We recommend using a service account with the least permissions necessary. The SSH key is configured with the local # git config, which enables your scripts to run authenticated git commands. For example, actions/checkout # Default: $ token: ' ' # SSH key used to fetch the repository.
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